What type of survey is used to establish the amount of cut or fill needed to reach design elevations?

The correct choice focuses on the topographic survey, which is essential in determining the existing ground conditions and the necessary adjustments to reach specified design elevations. A topographic survey provides detailed information about the terrain, including elevation changes, contours, and natural features. This information is crucial for construction projects, as it allows engineers and site planners to accurately calculate the volume of earth that must be removed (cut) or added (fill) to achieve the desired levels for foundations, roads, and other elements of the project.

Topographic surveys use mapping techniques, often involving elevation lines or contour lines, to showcase how the land's surface varies. The data obtained from such surveys help in planning construction activities and managing earthwork more efficiently.

Other types of surveys, while useful in their own contexts, do not fulfill this specific purpose. For example, a geodetic survey typically deals with large-scale land areas and focuses more on the earth's curvature rather than precise surface elevations. Land evaluation surveys assess the potential and suitability of a tract for various uses, while hydrographic surveys focus on underwater features and navigation, which aren't relevant for determining cut or fill requirements.